Boxplots showing median (line), mean (red dot), quartiles, outliers and the range of species richness of (a) Mediterranean, (b) Irano-Turanian, (c) Central Asian and (d) Eurosiberian elements for (from left to right) šhiblyak (Crataego-Prunetea, Tajikistan), Juniper woods (Pino-Juniperetea and Juniperetea pseudosabinae, Tajikistan), pistacio open woodlands (Pistacietea verae, Tajikistan and Iran) and Mediterranean scrubs (Quercetea ilicis, Mediterranean Basin). Different letters indicate significant differences among the groups after the Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test with p < 0.05.