Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of relevés using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index and a maximum of 20 random starts in search of the stable solution. Overlaid vectors represent the following environmental variables: Bio1: annual mean temperature; Bio4 Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation *100); Bio7: temperature annual range; Bio12: annual precipitation; Bio18: precipitation of warmest quarter; geological substrata include Ophiolite, Limestone, Flysch, Alluvion. Cluster A1 Corylus avellana forests. Cluster A2 Ostrya carpinifolia-Fagus sylvatica forests. Cluster B lower montane thermophytic Fagus sylvatica forests. Cluster C middle montane, slightly acidic Fagus sylvatica forests. Cluster D upper montane basiphytic Fagus sylvatica forests. Cluster E Middle montane basiphytic Fagus sylvatica forests. Cluster F Upper-montane acidophytic Fagus sylvatica forests.

 
 
  Part of: Fanelli G, Hoda P, Mersinllari M, Mahmutaj E, Attorre F, Farcomeni A, Cambria VE, De Sanctis M (2020) Phytosociological overview of the Fagus and Corylus forests in Albania. Vegetation Classification and Survey 1: 175-189. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS/2020/54942