Interaction of interrelated state factors that control the structure and function of ecosystems (a) and the scale at which they operate (b).

 
 
  Part of: Wells AF, Swingley CS, Ives SL, McNown RW, Dissing D (2022) Vegetation classification for northwestern Arctic Alaska using an EcoVeg approach: tussock tundra and low and tall willow groups and alliances. Vegetation Classification and Survey 3: 87-117. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.65469